Imikhiqizo

I-L-Ascorbic Acid, i-Calcium Ascorbate, i-Magnesium Ascorbate, i-Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate, i-Sodium Ascorbate, kanye nomsebenzi we-Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate ekwenziweni kwezimonyo ngokuyinhloko njengama-antioxidants.I-Ascorbic Acid ivamise ukubizwa nge-Vitamin C. I-Ascorbic Acid isetshenziswa njenge-antioxidant kanye nesilungisi se-pH ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezimonyo zokwakheka, okungaphezu kuka-3/4 kwakho okwakungodayi bezinwele nemibala ekugxiliseni phakathi kuka-0.3% no-0.6%.Kokunye ukusetshenziswa, ukugxila okubikiwe bekuphansi kakhulu (<0.01%) noma ku-5% kuya ku-10%.I-Calcium Ascorbate kanye ne-Magnesium Ascorbate zichazwa njengama-antioxidants kanye nama-ejenti okulungisa isikhumba--ingxubevange ukuze asetshenziswe ezimonyoni, kodwa awasetshenziswa okwamanje.I-Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate isebenza njenge-antioxidant emikhiqizweni yezimonyo futhi isetshenziswa ekugxilweni okusuka ku-0.01% kuya ku-3%.I-Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate isebenza njenge-antioxidant ezimonyoni futhi kubikwa ukuthi isetshenziswa ekugxilweni kusuka ku-0.001% kuya ku-3%.I-Sodium Ascorbate iphinde isebenze njenge-antioxidant ezimonyoni ekugxilweni kusuka ku-0.0003% kuya ku-0.3%.Izithako ezihlobene (i-Ascorbyl Palmitate, i-Ascorbyl Dipalmitate, i-Ascorbyl Stearate, i-Erythorbic Acid, ne-Sodium Erythorbate) ziye zabuyekezwa ngaphambilini yi-Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Iphaneli Yochwepheshe futhi yatholakala "iphephile ukusetshenziswa njengezithako zezimonyo emikhubeni yamanje yokuhle. sebenzisa."I-Ascorbic Acid iyinto evame ukuqashelwa njengephephile (i-GRAS) ukuze isetshenziswe njengesivikeli samakhemikhali ekudleni nanjengesakhiwo kanye/noma isithasiselo sokudla.I-Calcium Ascorbate ne-Sodium Ascorbate zikleliswe njengezinto ze-GRAS ezizosetshenziswa njengezilondolozi zamakhemikhali.I-L-Ascorbic Acid itholakala kalula futhi ngokubuyisela emuva i-oxid ku-L-dehydroascorbic acid futhi zombili lezi zinhlobo zikhona ngokulingana emzimbeni.Amazinga okungena e-Ascorbic Acid esikhumbeni segundane esiphelele nesihlutshiwe abengu-3.43 +/- 0.74 microg/cm(2)/h kanye no-33.2 +/- 5.2 microg/cm(2)/h.Izifundo ezijulile zomlomo kanye nezabazali kumagundane, amagundane, onogwaja, izingulube, izinja, namakati zibonise ubuthi obuncane.I-Ascorbic Acid ne-Sodium Ascorbate isebenze njenge-nitrosation inhibitor ezifundweni eziningi zokudla nemikhiqizo yezimonyo.Azikho izimpawu zomtholampilo ezihlobene nenhlanganisela noma imiphumela ye-pathological embi kakhulu noma encane ebonwe kumagundane, amagundane, noma izingulube ze-Guinea ezifundweni zesikhashana.Izingulube zesilisa zadla ukudla okuyisisekelo kokulawula futhi zanikezwa kufika ku-250 mg Ascorbic Acid ngomlomo amasonto angu-20 zine-hemoglobin efanayo, i-blood glucose, i-serum iron, i-iron yesibindi, kanye namazinga e-glycogen esibindi uma kuqhathaniswa namanani okulawula.Amagundane abesilisa nabesifazane be-F344/N kanye namagundane e-B6C3F(1) aphiwa ukudla okuqukethe kufika ku-100,000 ppm Ascorbic Acid amasonto angu-13 anobuthi obuncane.Ucwaningo lwe-Chronic Ascorbic Acid lokuphakela lubonise imiphumela enobuthi kumithamo engaphezu kuka-25 mg/kg isisindo somzimba (bw) kumagundane nezingulube ze-Guinea.Amaqembu amagundane abesilisa nabesifazane anikezwa imithamo yansuku zonke efika ku-2000 mg/kg bw Ascorbic Acid iminyaka engu-2 ayengenazo izilonda ezinobuthi ezinkulu noma ezincane ezibonakalayo.Amagundane anikezwe i-Ascorbic Acid imithamo yansuku zonke ye-subcutaneous kanye ne-intravenous (500 kuya ku-1000 mg / kg bw) izinsuku ezingu-7 ayengenazo izinguquko esifiso sokudla, isisindo somzimba, nokuziphatha okuvamile;kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-histological kwezitho ezihlukahlukene akubonisi izinguquko.I-Ascorbic Acid yayiyi-photoprotectant lapho isetshenziswa esikhumbeni samagundane nengulube ngaphambi kokuchayeka emisebeni ye-ultraviolet (UV).Ukuvinjelwa kokucindezelwa kwe-UV okubangelwa ukuxhumana kwe-hypersensitivity nakho kwaphawulwa.Ukuphathwa kwe-Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate ngokushesha ngemva kokuchayeka kumagundane angenaboya kubambezeleke kakhulu ukwakheka kwesimila sesikhumba kanye ne-hyperplasia ebangelwa ukuchayeka okungapheli emisebeni ye-UV.Amagundane namagundane akhulelwe anikezwa imithamo yomlomo yansuku zonke ye-Ascorbic Acid kuze kufike ku-1000 mg/kg bw ngaphandle kwezinkomba zemiphumela yabantu abadala enobuthi, i-teratogenic, noma i-fetotoxic.I-Ascorbic Acid ne-Sodium Ascorbate yayingeyona i-genotoxic ezinhlelweni eziningana zokuhlola amagciwane kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo, ezihambisana nezakhiwo zokulwa ne-antioxidant zalawa makhemikhali.Ebukhoneni bezinhlelo ezithile ze-enzyme noma ama-ion ensimbi, ubufakazi be-genotoxicity babonwa.I-National Toxicology Programme (NTP) yenze i-2-year oral carcinogenesis bioassay ye-Ascorbic Acid (25,000 kanye ne-50,000 ppm) kumagundane angu-F344/N kanye ne-B6C3F (1) yamagundane.I-Ascorbic Acid yayingeyona i-carcinogenic kunoma yibuphi ubulili bamagundane namagundane.Ukuvinjelwa kwe-carcinogenesis kanye nokukhula kwesimila okuhlobene nezakhiwo ze-Ascorbic Acid ze-antioxidant kuye kwabikwa.I-Sodium Ascorbate ikhonjiswe ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza womchamo ezifundweni zezigaba ezimbili ze-carcinogenesis.Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhumba kwe-ascorbic Acid ezigulini ezine-radiation dermatitis kanye nezisulu zokusha akuzange kube nemiphumela emibi.I-Ascorbic Acid yayiyi-photoprotectant ezifundweni zomtholampilo zabantu ze-UV ngemithamo engaphezulu komthamo omncane we-erythema (MED).Ukhilimu opaque oqukethe i-5% Ascorbic Acid awuzange udale ukuzwela kwesikhumba ezifundweni zabantu eziyi-103.Umkhiqizo oqukethe u-10% we-Ascorbic Acid wawungelona i-nirritant esivivinyweni esincane sezinsuku ezi-4 esikhumbeni somuntu kanye nokwelashwa kobuso okuqukethe u-10% we-Ascorbic Acid bekungesona isizwisisi sokuxhumana esivivinyweni sokukhulisa abantu abangama-26.Ngenxa yokufana kwesakhiwo nokusebenza kwalezi zithako, Iphaneli ikholelwa ukuthi idatha yesithako esisodwa ingadluliselwa kuzo zonke.Iphaneli Lochwepheshe lathi ukutholwa kokuthi i-Ascorbic Acid yayiyi-genotoxic kulezi zinhlelo ezimbalwa zokuhlola ngenxa yokuba khona kwamanye amakhemikhali, isb, izinsimbi, noma izinhlelo ezithile zama-enzyme, eziguqula ngempumelelo isenzo se-Ascorbic Acid sibe yileso se-pro-oxidant.Lapho i-Ascorbic Acid isebenza njenge-antioxidant, i-Panel yaphetha ngokuthi i-ascorbic Acid ayiyona i-genotoxic.Ukusekela lo mbono kwakuyizifundo ze-carcinogenicity ezenziwa yi-NTP, ezingabonisanga bufakazi be-carcinogenicity.I-Ascorbic Acid yatholwa ukuthi ivimbela ngempumelelo isivuno se-nitrosamine ezinhlelweni eziningi zokuhlola.Iphaneli ibuyekeze izifundo lapho i-Sodium Ascorbate isebenze njengomgqugquzeli wesimila ezilwaneni.Le miphumela yayibhekwa njengehlobene nokugcwala kwe-sodium ion kanye ne-pH yomchamo ezilwaneni zokuhlola.Imiphumela efanayo yabonwa nge-sodium bicarbonate.Ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuthi ama-ion ensimbi athile angase ahlangane nalezi zithako ukuze kukhiqizwe umsebenzi we-pro-oxidant, Iphaneli ixwayise abenzi bamafomula ukuthi baqiniseke ukuthi lezi zithako zisebenza njengama-antioxidants ekwakhekeni kwezimonyo.Iphaneli ikholelwa ukuthi ulwazi lomtholampilo lapho i-ascorbic Acid isetshenziswe esikhumbeni esilimele ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-repea-insul patch (RIPT) kusetshenziswa i-5% Ascorbic Acid enemiphumela emibi kusekela ukutholakala kokuthi leli qembu lezithako alivezi ingozi yokuzwela kwesikhumba.Le datha ehambisana nokungabikho kwemibiko ezincwadini zomtholampilo zokuzwela kwe-Ascorbic Acid isekela ngokuqinile ukuphepha kwalezi zithako.